Fragrance

Cystine

INCI: CYSTINE

Reviewed by Rosie · Last updated 14 Aug 2026

A naturally derived amino acid with antioxidant properties and structural support for skin and hair

Best For Skin Types

All

Addresses

Oxidative stress, Barrier repair

Usage Frequency

Daily

What Is Cystine?

Cystine is a non-essential amino acid formed when two cysteine molecules bond together. It occurs naturally in the body and is found in protein-rich foods. In skincare and cosmetic formulations, cystine functions primarily as a conditioning agent and antistatic, helping to improve texture and feel.

The ingredient has gained interest in skincare research partly because the body converts cystine into glutathione, a potent antioxidant involved in cellular defence and pigmentation processes. However, topical application differs significantly from oral supplementation in terms of bioavailability and mechanism.

How It Works

Cystine contains a disulfide bond that absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which can help protect other actives (such as retinol) from UV degradation when incorporated into advanced formulations. This protective mechanism is particularly relevant in hydrogel delivery systems designed to minimise irritation and instability of sensitive ingredients.

When consumed as an oral supplement, cystine is metabolised into glutathione, which influences melanin synthesis and may skew production toward lighter pheomelanin rather than darker eumelanin. Topically, evidence for this mechanism is more limited, and the ingredient functions primarily as a conditioning and structural support agent.

Clinical Evidence & References

Oral supplementation studies suggest potential benefits for skin pigmentation and hair health. A 12-week clinical trial in Asian female subjects found that L-cystine combined with reduced glutathione may contribute to skin-lightening effects and reduced dark spots, though the research involved a supplement formulation rather than topical application alone.

Research into cystine-based hydrogel systems shows promise for stabilising and delivering sensitive actives like retinol, with studies demonstrating retained antioxidant activity after UV exposure. However, evidence for topical cystine as a standalone skincare ingredient remains limited, and most clinical benefits have been observed in oral or advanced delivery formulations rather than simple skincare products.

How to Use

Cystine appears in relatively few skincare products (approximately 0.2% of formulations surveyed). If seeking cystine for skin health, oral supplementation may offer more substantiated benefits than topical application alone. When present in skincare, it typically supports overall formula stability and texture rather than delivering a primary active benefit. Follow product instructions for frequency and application.

Safety & Precautions

Cystine is generally well-tolerated in skincare formulations. Individuals considering oral supplementation should consult a healthcare professional, particularly if pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.

Frequently Asked Questions

From the Clinic

Not sure what your skin actually needs?

Two minutes, a few questions, and we’ll point you at what matters — no guesswork.

Take the skin quiz

Learn More About Skincare Ingredients

Explore our comprehensive ingredient glossary to understand what's in your products.

Browse All Ingredients

Authorised Stockist

Official UK retailer

Tracked Delivery

Free UK shipping over £50

5 Star Rating

Trusted by thousands

Expert Advice

Free consultations