Enzymes
Reviewed by Kate · Last updated 6 May 2026
Proteins that assist skin's natural renewal and maintenance processes
Best For Skin Types
All, Sensitive, Mature
Addresses
Usage Frequency
1-3 times per week
What Is Enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins produced naturally by living cells that catalyse biochemical reactions. In skincare, they typically derive from plant or microbial sources and work to support the skin's own metabolic processes. Rather than introducing entirely foreign substances, enzyme-based products aim to facilitate reactions your skin already performs.
The skin contains its own enzyme systems involved in barrier function, cellular turnover, and defence against oxidative stress. Topical enzymes in cosmetics are designed to work alongside these endogenous processes, though the extent to which applied enzymes penetrate and remain active in the skin varies considerably.
How It Works
Enzymes function as biological catalysts, meaning they speed up specific chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. When applied topically, they may interact with proteins and dead skin cells on the surface, breaking down bonds that hold them together. This facilitates a gentler form of exfoliation compared to physical or chemical alternatives.
Additionally, the skin contains enzyme systems involved in defence mechanisms and structural maintenance. Topical enzymes may support these intrinsic processes, though absorption and bioavailability of applied enzymes remain areas where research is limited. The pH, temperature, and formulation of a product all influence enzyme stability and activity once applied to skin.
Clinical Evidence & References
Research indicates that enzymes are present and active throughout the layers of human skin, particularly in the living, differentiating cells of the epidermis. Some enzyme systems have been implicated in skin health, including roles in managing oxidative stress and maintaining structural components of the skin matrix.
However, evidence specifically demonstrating the efficacy of topically applied enzymes remains modest. Most studies focus on the skin's intrinsic enzyme systems rather than externally supplied enzymes. Questions persist about how effectively applied enzymes penetrate the skin barrier, remain stable, and exert meaningful biological effects compared to other exfoliating or supportive ingredients. Further research would help clarify their practical benefit in skincare formulations.
How to Use
Enzyme-based products are often positioned as gentle alternatives to stronger chemical exfoliants and are typically used 1-3 times per week, though frequency depends on skin sensitivity and the specific formulation. They work best on clean, damp skin. If combining with other active ingredients, introduce gradually and monitor for irritation. Store enzyme products according to manufacturer guidance, as heat and light can reduce enzyme stability.
Safety & Precautions
Frequently Asked Questions
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