Ketoconazole
Reviewed by Emma · Last updated 14 Aug 2026
An purifying ingredient that targets scalp and skin microbiota to address fungal-related concerns
Best For Skin Types
Oily, Combination
Addresses
Effective Concentrations
1-2%
Usage Frequency
2-3 times per week
What Is Ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal compound that works by disrupting the cell membrane of fungal organisms. It is commonly used in topical skincare and haircare formulations, typically at concentrations between 1% and 2%.
The ingredient functions primarily by reducing populations of microorganisms on the skin surface, particularly those implicated in certain inflammatory skin conditions. It also has modest anti-inflammatory properties independent of its antifungal action.
How It Works
Ketoconazole penetrates fungal cell membranes and disrupts their structural integrity by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, a key component of fungal cells. This selective action targets fungi whilst having limited impact on bacterial skin flora.
Beyond its antifungal mechanism, ketoconazole demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity that may help calm irritated skin independently of microbial reduction.
Clinical Evidence & References
Research demonstrates that ketoconazole 2% alters the fungal composition of the skin microbiome in individuals with seborrhoeic dermatitis, supporting its established use for this condition. Studies also suggest potential benefit when used as a shampoo in androgenic alopecia, where it may improve hair density and reduce sebum production, though this application remains an area of ongoing investigation.
While evidence supports ketoconazole's efficacy for fungal-driven concerns, further research is needed to fully understand its role in other scalp and skin conditions. Its use is most established for seborrhoeic dermatitis and related conditions.
How to Use
Ketoconazole is typically applied directly to the affected area. As a shampoo, massage into the scalp and leave on the skin for a few minutes before rinsing. Follow the specific instructions provided with your product, as formulations vary. Consistency of use is important; results may take several weeks to become apparent.
Safety & Precautions
Frequently Asked Questions
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