Coal Tar
INCI: COAL TAR
Reviewed by Daisy · Last updated 14 Aug 2026
Also known as: Coal Tar
A long-established topical treatment for inflammatory scalp and skin conditions
Best For Skin Types
Oily, Combination
Addresses
Effective Concentrations
1-5%
Usage Frequency
2-3 times per week
What Is Coal Tar?
Coal tar is a dark, viscous by-product derived from coal processing. It has been used in dermatology for over a century, particularly in the management of chronic inflammatory skin disorders. In cosmetic formulations, it typically appears at concentrations between 1% and 5%.
The ingredient functions as an antimicrobial and anti-seborrhoeic agent, meaning it helps to reduce sebum production and inhibit the growth of microorganisms associated with certain skin conditions. It also acts as a denaturant in some formulations.
How It Works
Coal tar is thought to work through multiple mechanisms. It exerts antimicrobial effects against the yeast-like organism Malassezia, which plays a central role in seborrheic dermatitis. Additionally, it appears to have anti-inflammatory properties that help calm the skin's immune response.
The ingredient may also regulate sebum production in sebum-rich areas, which can help prevent the environment in which certain microorganisms thrive.
Clinical Evidence & References
Coal tar has an established history of use in treating seborrheic dermatitis, a common inflammatory skin condition. Clinical evidence supports its effectiveness in clearing signs of the disease and managing associated symptoms such as itching and scaling, particularly when combined with other treatments such as antifungals or anti-inflammatory agents.
However, coal tar is not without cautions. Research indicates that dermal exposure, particularly in occupational settings or at high concentrations, can potentially cause phototoxic reactions, irritation, folliculitis, and other adverse effects. The safety profile at typical cosmetic concentrations (1–5%) is more favourable, though individual sensitivity varies. Concerns about long-term safety remain under investigation and have not been fully clarified in the literature.
How to Use
Coal tar products are most commonly used on the scalp for seborrheic dermatitis management. Apply to damp skin or scalp as directed on the product label, typically leaving the product in contact with the skin for a few minutes before rinsing. Because coal tar can cause photosensitivity, avoid prolonged sun exposure after application, or apply in the evening. Use consistently for several weeks to assess effectiveness, as benefits may take time to manifest in chronic conditions.
Safety & Precautions
If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, please check with us first — [email protected].
Frequently Asked Questions
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