Glyoxal

Glyoxal is a small organic compound that occurs naturally in some foods and is also produced as a byproduct of certain metabolic processes in the body. In skincare formulations, it functions primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent, helping to prevent microbial growth and extend product shelf life.It is found in a small proportion of skincare products and is typically listed under its INCI name, glyoxal. As a fragrance component, it may also contribute subtle aromatic notes to formulations.

Glyoxal acts as a preservative by disrupting microbial cell function and preventing colonisation. Its antimicrobial mechanism centres on its chemical reactivity with cellular proteins and other biomolecules, which compromises the structural integrity and function of microorganisms.When present in skincare formulations, it works alongside other preservative systems to maintain product integrity throughout its shelf life.

Glyoxal is a preservative system component used by manufacturers during formulation; it is not an active ingredient that consumers need to dose or time strategically. If you have atopic dermatitis or particularly reactive skin, you may wish to patch-test products containing glyoxal first, given emerging research into potential inflammatory triggers in sensitive populations.

Glyoxal is generally recognised as safe in cosmetic concentrations; however, emerging evidence suggests it may trigger inflammatory responses in some individuals, particularly those with atopic dermatitis or when combined with UV exposure. Patch testing is advisable if you have sensitive or reactive skin.