2,3-Butanediol
Reviewed by Daisy · Last updated 18 Aug 2026
Also known as: Butylene Glycol
Primarily a humectant of either natural or synthetic origin | Helps stabilise formulas and keep key ingredients suspended
Addresses
EWG Safety Score
What Is 2,3-Butanediol?
2,3 butanediol is a synthetic or plant-derived that can play multiple roles in cosmetics. Its humectant properties help it to hydrate skin and its solvent, dispersing and stabilizing properties help ensure product ingredient efficacy. It’s considered an alternative to butylene glycol.
This ingredient may also be obtained via fermentation. It dispersing properties are proven to help ingredients like vitamin C and ceramides from clumping together in an emulsion. This ensures they remain suspended throughout the formula so you’re getting the desired amount with each application.
Usage levels of 2,3-butanediol range from 1–10% depending on formulary goals; however, lower amounts may be used in blends, where they aid dispersion and/or help preserve other ingredients.
How It Works
Clinical Evidence & References
References:
- Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, November 2019, pages 1,583–1,601
- Biotechnology Advanced, May 2011, pages 351–364
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, January 2001, pages 10–18
Published Research
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Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, November 2019, pages 1,583–1,601 []
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Biotechnology Advanced, May 2011, pages 351–364 []
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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, January 2001, pages 10–18 []
Frequently Asked Questions
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Take the skin quizOther forms of 2,3-Butanediol
These appear on ingredients lists under different names but are the same substance. 2,3-Butanediol is the common form.
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